Rusia en el Proceso de Bolonia: Compatibilidad, competitividad y movilidad académica
Resumen
El presente artículo describe la inclusión de Rusia en el proceso de Bolonia. Además de la revisión bibliográfica, la descripción de los eventos y sus resultados con respecto a dos objetivos primordiales de la Declaración (compatibilidad-competitividad y movilidad académica) son evidenciados y ejemplificados con información obtenida por medio de entrevistas a informantes clave, 35 estudiantes (entre ellos líderes estudiantiles) y 12 profesores (entre ellos jefes de departamento) de dos de las universidades moscovitas más grandes. Los resultados indican que el proceso de Bolonia en Rusia es incipiente, caracterizado por incredibilidad sobre la calidad de la educación superior rusa, corrupción, y baja movilidad académica.Citas
Aref′ev, A.L., 2009. What the instructors and administrators of Russia’s higher educational institutions think about the Bologna process. Russian Education & Society, 51(5), pp.3–29. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393510501 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Chistokhvalov, V., 2009. National report 2007-2009. The Russian Federation. Towards the European Higher Education Area. Bologna Process, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Documents/National_Report_Russia_2009.pdf.
Dobren’kova, E. V., 2008. Problems of Russia’s entry into the Bologna process. Russian Education & Society, 50(4), pp.42–51. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393500403 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Egorov, A. & Sukhova, E., 2006. Readiness to become part of the Bologna process (regional experience). Russian Education & Society, 48(10), pp.16–31. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393481002 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
EHEA, 2003. Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education in Berlin on 19 September 2003, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/Berlin_Communique1.pdf [Accessed October 29, 2013].
EHEA, 2005. Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Bergen, 19-20 May 2005, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/Bergen_Communique1.pdf.
EHEA, 2001. Communiqué of the meeting of European Ministers in charge of higher education in Prague on May 19th 2001, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/PRAGUE_COMMUNIQUE.pdf [Accessed October 29, 2013]. EHEA, 2007. London Communiqué. Towards the European Higher Education Area: responding to challenges in a globalised world (18 May 2007), http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/London_Communique18May2007.pdf.
EHEA, 1999. The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/BOLOGNA_DECLARATION1.pdf [Accessed October 28, 2013].
EHEA, 2009. The Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28-29 April 2009, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/Leuven_Louvain-la-Neuve_Communiqu%C3%A9_April_2009.pdf.
Ermólieva, E., 2008. La educación superior de España y Rusia: Hacia la convergencia europea. Revista Iberoamérica, 1(48), pp.97–108. Available at: http://www.ilaran.ru/?n=510.
Esyutina, M., Fearon, C. & Leatherbarrow, N., 2013. The Bologna process in higher education: an exploratory case study in a Russian context. Quality Assurance in Education, 21(2), pp.145–161. Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/09684881311310683 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Gänzle, S., Meister, S. & King, C., 2009. The Bologna process and its impact on higher education at Russia’s margins: the case of Kaliningrad. Higher Education, 57(4), pp.533–547. Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10734-008-9187-4 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Gvosdev, N., 2002. Mexico and Russia: Mirror images? Demokratizatsiya, 10(4), pp.488–508. Available at: http://www.gwu.edu/~ieresgwu/assets/docs/demokratizatsiya archive/10-4_Gvosdev.PDF [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Kazantsev, A. & Sakwa, R., 2012. New “dividing lines” in Europe: A crisis of trust in European–Russian relations. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 45(3-4), pp.289–293. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967067X12000499 [Accessed October 17, 2013].
Lazarev, G. & Martynenko, O., 2006. The regional university: Paths of integration in the framework of the Bologna process. Russian Education & Society, 48(10), pp.32–50. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393481003 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Luchinskaya, D. & Ovchynnikova, O., 2011. The Bologna process policy implementation in Russia and Ukraine: Similarities and differences. European Educational Research Journal, 10(1), pp.21–33. Available at: http://www.wwwords.co.uk/rss/abstract.asp?j=eerj&aid=4497&doi=1.
Makarova, M.N. & Solomennikov, V.S., 2008. The Bologna process: Opinions and expectations. Russian Education & Society, 50(3), pp.84–90. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393500308 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Mureddu Torres, C., 2010. Europa tras la cauda del Proceso de Bolonia. Reencuentro, (58), pp.16–23. Available at: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=34014049003 [Accessed November 4, 2013].
Osipian, A.L., 2012. Education corruption, reform, and growth: Case of Post-Soviet Russia. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 3(1), pp.20–29. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1879366511000248 [Accessed October 30, 2013].
Palfreyman, D., 2008. The legal impact of Bologna implementation: exploring criticisms and critiques of the Bologna process. Education and the Law, 20(3), pp.249–257. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09539960903003974.
Prazdnikov, G.A., 2006. The Bologna process and its relevance to present-day education. Russian Education & Society, 48(7), pp.5–16.
Roshchina, Y., 2010. Accessibility of professional education in Russia. , p.49. Available at: http://www.diw-berlin.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.347207.de/diw_escirru0013.pdf [Accessed June 15, 2013].
Senashenko, V., 2006. Higher education and the Bologna transformations. Russian Education & Society, 48(10), pp.5–15. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393481001 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Tovar-García, E.D., 2000. Economía internacional vs. economía regional. Expresión económica. Revista de análisis, (7), pp.55–76. Available at: http://es.scribd.com/doc/58580772/Tovar-Garcia-2000-Economia-internacional-vs-economia-regional.
Vlăsceanu, L. & Voicu, B., 2006. Implementation of the Bologna Objectives in a Sample of European Private Higher Education Institutions: Outcomes of a Survey. Higher Education in Europe, 31(1), pp.25–52. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03797720600859163[Accessed October 24, 2013].
Zgaga, P., 2009. The Bologna process and its role for transition countries. Revista de la educación superior, 38(150), pp.83–96. Available at: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S0185-27602009000200005&script=sci_arttext [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Chistokhvalov, V., 2009. National report 2007-2009. The Russian Federation. Towards the European Higher Education Area. Bologna Process, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Documents/National_Report_Russia_2009.pdf.
Dobren’kova, E. V., 2008. Problems of Russia’s entry into the Bologna process. Russian Education & Society, 50(4), pp.42–51. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393500403 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Egorov, A. & Sukhova, E., 2006. Readiness to become part of the Bologna process (regional experience). Russian Education & Society, 48(10), pp.16–31. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393481002 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
EHEA, 2003. Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education in Berlin on 19 September 2003, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/Berlin_Communique1.pdf [Accessed October 29, 2013].
EHEA, 2005. Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Bergen, 19-20 May 2005, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/Bergen_Communique1.pdf.
EHEA, 2001. Communiqué of the meeting of European Ministers in charge of higher education in Prague on May 19th 2001, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/PRAGUE_COMMUNIQUE.pdf [Accessed October 29, 2013]. EHEA, 2007. London Communiqué. Towards the European Higher Education Area: responding to challenges in a globalised world (18 May 2007), http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/London_Communique18May2007.pdf.
EHEA, 1999. The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/BOLOGNA_DECLARATION1.pdf [Accessed October 28, 2013].
EHEA, 2009. The Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28-29 April 2009, Available at: http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Declarations/Leuven_Louvain-la-Neuve_Communiqu%C3%A9_April_2009.pdf.
Ermólieva, E., 2008. La educación superior de España y Rusia: Hacia la convergencia europea. Revista Iberoamérica, 1(48), pp.97–108. Available at: http://www.ilaran.ru/?n=510.
Esyutina, M., Fearon, C. & Leatherbarrow, N., 2013. The Bologna process in higher education: an exploratory case study in a Russian context. Quality Assurance in Education, 21(2), pp.145–161. Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/09684881311310683 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Gänzle, S., Meister, S. & King, C., 2009. The Bologna process and its impact on higher education at Russia’s margins: the case of Kaliningrad. Higher Education, 57(4), pp.533–547. Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10734-008-9187-4 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Gvosdev, N., 2002. Mexico and Russia: Mirror images? Demokratizatsiya, 10(4), pp.488–508. Available at: http://www.gwu.edu/~ieresgwu/assets/docs/demokratizatsiya archive/10-4_Gvosdev.PDF [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Kazantsev, A. & Sakwa, R., 2012. New “dividing lines” in Europe: A crisis of trust in European–Russian relations. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 45(3-4), pp.289–293. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967067X12000499 [Accessed October 17, 2013].
Lazarev, G. & Martynenko, O., 2006. The regional university: Paths of integration in the framework of the Bologna process. Russian Education & Society, 48(10), pp.32–50. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393481003 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Luchinskaya, D. & Ovchynnikova, O., 2011. The Bologna process policy implementation in Russia and Ukraine: Similarities and differences. European Educational Research Journal, 10(1), pp.21–33. Available at: http://www.wwwords.co.uk/rss/abstract.asp?j=eerj&aid=4497&doi=1.
Makarova, M.N. & Solomennikov, V.S., 2008. The Bologna process: Opinions and expectations. Russian Education & Society, 50(3), pp.84–90. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393500308 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Mureddu Torres, C., 2010. Europa tras la cauda del Proceso de Bolonia. Reencuentro, (58), pp.16–23. Available at: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=34014049003 [Accessed November 4, 2013].
Osipian, A.L., 2012. Education corruption, reform, and growth: Case of Post-Soviet Russia. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 3(1), pp.20–29. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1879366511000248 [Accessed October 30, 2013].
Palfreyman, D., 2008. The legal impact of Bologna implementation: exploring criticisms and critiques of the Bologna process. Education and the Law, 20(3), pp.249–257. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09539960903003974.
Prazdnikov, G.A., 2006. The Bologna process and its relevance to present-day education. Russian Education & Society, 48(7), pp.5–16.
Roshchina, Y., 2010. Accessibility of professional education in Russia. , p.49. Available at: http://www.diw-berlin.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.347207.de/diw_escirru0013.pdf [Accessed June 15, 2013].
Senashenko, V., 2006. Higher education and the Bologna transformations. Russian Education & Society, 48(10), pp.5–15. Available at: http://mesharpe.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2753/RES1060-9393481001 [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Tovar-García, E.D., 2000. Economía internacional vs. economía regional. Expresión económica. Revista de análisis, (7), pp.55–76. Available at: http://es.scribd.com/doc/58580772/Tovar-Garcia-2000-Economia-internacional-vs-economia-regional.
Vlăsceanu, L. & Voicu, B., 2006. Implementation of the Bologna Objectives in a Sample of European Private Higher Education Institutions: Outcomes of a Survey. Higher Education in Europe, 31(1), pp.25–52. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03797720600859163[Accessed October 24, 2013].
Zgaga, P., 2009. The Bologna process and its role for transition countries. Revista de la educación superior, 38(150), pp.83–96. Available at: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S0185-27602009000200005&script=sci_arttext [Accessed October 24, 2013].
Publicado
2014-05-05
Cómo citar
Tovar García, E. D. (2014). Rusia en el Proceso de Bolonia: Compatibilidad, competitividad y movilidad académica. RIESED - Revista Internacional De Estudios Sobre Sistemas Educativos, 2(3), 1-21. Recuperado a partir de http://riesed.org/index.php/RIESED/article/view/25
Sección
Artículos
Los autores/as que publiquen en esta revista aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
- Los autores/as conservan los derechos de autor y ceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, con el trabajo registrado con la licencia de atribución de Creative Commons, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista.
- Los autores/as pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as a publicar su trabajo en Internet (por ejemplo en páginas institucionales o personales) antes y durante el proceso de revisión y publicación, ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos y a una mayor y más rápida difusión del trabajo publicado (vea The Effect of Open Access).
